International arms trade

Weapon is one of the basic things of war. We can’t conclude that if there is no weapons no war would exist,but we are sure that without weapons the war would have not done so much harm to human beings.After suffering from the relentless wars so many years ,human beings still can’t stop sufferring from them even do something to promote the war.

International arms trade is one of the major factors that result in millions of death because it makes the war more destuctive. Since 1945, the weapons directly caused the deaths of more than 30 million people. During this period the percentage of direct war deaths among civilians has increased steadily and in recent years approximately nine times as many civilians as military personnel have been killed by weapons during war.Near 90% of people are killed by small arms such as pistols ,landmines and handguns,which takes an important part in arms trade.

Arms industry as a crucial department in the export countries has high profits,and the arms trade has political influence on the countries which import weapons. Since the second World War the total trend of arms trade is increasing . The total annual value of arms transfer in 1960 among countries is about $14 billion dollars which rise to $35 billion dollars in 1994. More than 90% of arms transferred to other countries are supplied by the five permanent members of the UN Security Council (China, France, Russia, Britain, and the United States) plus Germany, often termed the “Big Six.” The situation is so ironical that securuty council countries which should secrure the whole world but make the world more unstable.

As we all know, countries do need weapons to secure the ststes, so arms trade should not be abondaned.On the other hand ,too much and illegal arms trade really make our world worse.A lot of arms has gone into the hands of millitary dictatorships or corrupy government ,which become the hamper of democracy in those countries and make this district more an more unstable.The third-world countries are top recipients of weapons, and they waste a lot of money buying weapons from industrial countries,which makes the development slower and harder and give a chance to be controlled by these countries.If less money is used in arms ,more money will be uesd in education and welfare system which are keys to development.

Although some efforts have been made to restrict arms trade, the situation is worse and worse and most of the export countries is not willing to limit arms trade. In 1991 the UN General Assembly adopted a resolution on “transparency in armaments” that established a voluntary register of conventional arms transfers. Its purpose is to create transparency, thereby reducing misperceptions, building trust, and creating a base for early warning of arms buildups. Only 42% of United Nations member states submitted reports.War as a monster who eats our wealth and brings away our lives is still around us , but we don’t care the danger even atrract it by some baits such as arms and conflict.

It’s time! We should wake up and our countries shoul be aware of the danger .If we still walk along this road ,danger will come soon.

crime circle

Crime circle

Now ,with globalization and urbanization more and more people rushed into cities,especially in developing countries.o,In China ,there are about 8,000millon people live in rural areas,and with more and more people moving to the cities ,lots of problems come out.Crime is one of the most serious problem,and it is connected with many other factors which are all involved in urbanlization.

The development of city can’t catch up with the rapidity of population moving to cities.So cities can’t supply some essential things such as house,medical care ,education and so on.Poor living condition makes disadvantage neighborhood. People who come frome rural areas feel unequal and unwelcome in urban areas.Inequlity is more and more serious with more and more people moving to cities.

Inequality and poverty become the main reasons of crime in urban areas.With the globalization and urbanization,crime is more and more. Data of China shows that the criminal rate of Chinese cities has risen as 14% in the last 20 years.Criminal rate growth is related to urbanization.Urbanization as a tend of development can’t be stopped, so the key to the crime is how to help people suffering from poor living conditions and poverty.What government should do to improve the situation is the most crucial thing.

First ,government is bound to build a good welfare system .With good welfare people will not suffer from hunger ,and it will reduce the possibility of crime.Even if they lose their jobs ,they will get enough time to find the new jobs.Within this period welfare will play an important role that it provides the time to people who lose their jobs.As we know welfare needs much money , so  many countries can’t build appropriate system ,which make the country fall into the circle that poor welfare system ceates high criminal rate which makes the society unstable then unstability make the country poorer and poorer.Government should try its best to build a appropriate welfare system..Only with this can the country go out of the circle.

Second, government should restrict the nunber of people moving into cities.Nothing could improve the situation if there is no constrains.Urbanization is surely the tend of development ,but too many people will creat too many problems .Constaints will help solving crime and other problems.

Inequlity is the root of crime ,so if we want to slove this problem how to diminish inequlity is the first problem we should think about.Inequality is associated with many other problems,and it is so complicated that we should build a whole system which includes technology ,education, welfare, and so on .The role of government is crucial.With great and appropriate policies can the country be better and better.

Women and family

In the old days ,women suffered a lot from inequality.But as time going more and more women are having important parts in our society,and relationship between men and women are becoming equal.But as the liberation going on ,women have to take more social responsibilities as well as family responsibilities such as household chores and baby care,which makes women overburdened.

As the movie showed ,nowadays more and more women have to work for her family and also for herself.In our society people have too much temptation and too many choices ,and our life is full of uncerntainty.We are not sure about where we will stay and which kind of job we will do,and they are more and more changeable.This situation makes marriage unstable.Many times we can’t keep our promises because of some objective factors,and now many people put their happiness first ,if their marriage can’t provide happiness, they get out.Unstable marriages make women have to be capable of living on theirselves.

   Married women often have face both family and work.which make women exhausted.Why this situation comes out and how to change it.

   In old days ,men often took responsibilities of heavy work outside,and women usually did some household chores which were light compared to men .Due to this division of work ,men played more important roles in family so the inequality came out.Althoug women were not so hard like we are now,they were not equal to their husbands which would make women lose themselves and become accessories of men.This situation were miserable.

   So more and more women fought for their rights who belived that they were not worse than men ,even better than men in many aspects.Their fighting worked ,the government gave women an  opportunity to receive education as the same as the men.As we know ,education is the key to equality.Only with receiving education can women play important even crucial parts in our society.The relationship between men and women are becoming more and more equal, but another problem comes out that women are too tired to face both family and work.And unfortunately ,with globalization women have to take more responsibilities which may exhaust women.

   Is there a solution to the difficult situation?Yes.I think women and men are born different.As we know ,men have stronger bodies than women ,so they are more fit for the heavy woking including not only physical but also mental work;on the contrary ,women are more fit for light work which are not too hard or full of pressure and should care more about family and children.To be honest women are really more fitful for chores,but men also should take his part which is too heavy to women and help their wives as much as possible.

   Men and women are two parts of our world ,and family is the combination of women and men.Everything of family is connected to our whole world,so men and women both need to do what they deserve .I believe with our efforts the relationship between men and women will be more and more harmonious.

world bank

As I read in the article <The ABCs of the global economy>,the author don’t think that World Bank is a good thing to our world .But I want to say something different from his comments.As a coin has two sides,everthing has two sides ,including World Bank.

World Bank was founded in 1944 ,at an international coference in the town of Bretton Woods,New Hampshire. World Bank was founded just as a tool of developed countries to control other countries,but as the time going especially after the end of Cold War many international organiazations has become more and more important and helpful to our world especially to the developing countries.They help the developing countries a lot to develop their economics and reduce poverty.

“The Bank is the largest provider of development assitance to Afica,with a record 5.8 billion dollars in credits,grants and guarantees in fiscal 2007.In total ,the Bank approved 93 projects,up more than 20 percent from fiscal 2006”The data from World Bank shows that it is trying its best to help the developing countries.Although there are some bad aspects of the loan such as controlling developing countries and making the developing countries poorer and pooer even can’t afford their loan.

But I want to say is that the key to face these problems is the how government plan and ues its loan.China has lent money from World Bank up to 422 dollars which helps a lot.All the money are used in technology development ,medical care ,education ,enviroment protection and so on..China government does well in dealing with the loans,no problems about being controlled aor other bad influences.

In Argentina,all provinces are able to lend money outside and the central government do not have enough power to control this situation which makes that they lend too much money to pay them off.What the government do in Argentina makes the country out of their control.So I think the most crucial thing is how the government do with the loan the attitude to the globalization.

Globalization is a trend which no one can stop it ,so what we need to do is to figure out how to face it .Globalization means chances and chanllenges.To developing countries ,globalization is a chance to develop but also a chanllege to the government .If the government can’t deal with it well ,the country may become poorer and poorer .World Bank as an internatioal organisation will play an more and more important role in globalization ,so what we should do is to learn how to make full use of it instead of fearing it or even keep away from it .On one side ,World Bank can provide capital which is the basis of development ,on the other side World Bank can make one country poorer and poorer and out of its own contol.The World Bank to some degree is a dangerous tool,but the really crucial point is the people who use it.

 

 

 

Poverty in the global context

Inequality and poverty is more and more serious in our days.The developed countries are richer and richer,on the other side many poor countries are becoming poorer and poorer.As the lecture told me the problem is all about the system of our world and our development and many factors are involved in inequality.So I want to find out what is the system and how it works.

Now knowledge is the most crucial resource in development,so the country who has more knowledge will have advantage in developing .Developed countries have more money spent on education and research ,so they can control more knowledge resources,on the contrary the poor countries spend less money on education and scientific development limited by their capital.This situation even makes the gap between developed countries and developing countries larger and larger ,which creats poverty in these poor countries and people there living  in poor conditions.This has been a bad circle low investment in education and science makes country poor , then poverty limits the resources to invest the education.

How can poor countries run out of the circle?

China and India give us an answer.As a chinese ,I would like to talk about China.Thirty years ago, China was very poor and the economy was nearly collapsed.After ten years political turbulence,China was in deeply poverty.So what has the country done to overcome poverty.In that time the GDP was 147 billion dollars and now is 2,200 biliion dollars.In the last 30 years the government focused on openness ,reform of economical system and education.Openess means we can communicate with the developed countries,and learn from them that how to build the modern system.,so we gained knowledge .Openness also bring many investment from overseas with advanced technologies and modern management.Openess is the base of trade with other countries,and with trade we can get what we need but our countries can’t produce and sell what we produce.Reforms means keeping  pace with the trend of the world.We reform everything that retards economical development.China invest education with large part of its capital,which jield large dividend.Millons of well-educated people devote themselves to the development of China.China benefits a lot from its education investment.In a word ,all the achievements are based on right decisions,but the key to success is well-educated people and technoligies which are from knowledge gained from education.

At the same time India developed very well ,especially their software industry.It has become the second software-exported country.And it grows fast nearly 8.9% peryear which is the second country in the world in growth speed.Development of India rely on its education.Nearly 4,000thousands computer engineers which contribute a lot to its development are all based on its education.

China and India are becoming richer and richer and it shows that it is possible to become rich from poor.It provide a possible way that other poor countries can follow. People are foundation of a country. Investment in education.is the key to overcome poverty .

The key to social problems

Social problems are around our life commonly.Although many problems wo don’t know how it becomes,it affect our life deeply,such as air pollution,terrorism,and so on..Our human life is being threatened by those social problems especially in the globalization context.To make our life better ,we must know how social problems become and how they influence our daily life.

The primary question is what is social problem.Problems mean something go wrong,but what the word “social” means may be the key to defining “social problems”.Social means many people or many things invovled,so I think social problem means a problem affect many people’s life and many people think it is a problem ,a bad thing .Some American sociologists definied “social problem”: Any difficulty or misbehaviour of a fairly large number of persons which we want to remove or correct.Conditions which affect sizable proportions of the populations,which are out of harmony with the value of a significant segment of the population,and which people feel can be removed or eliminated.”The two definitions are both widely accepted.

   In last week lecture, I knew that social problems were special in the globalization context.Some problems spread from one country to the whole world and many problems are across countries which need cooperations of many countris to solve them. Many social problems become compicated in globalization context , such as enviroment problems and war threaten.

   Global climate is becoming waimer and warmer which creats a series of problems.Glacers are melting which cause the sea level rise.It destroys the original ocean enviroment and even many islands and land near the ocean will be swallowed.The original reason to these problems is too much green gas which is caused by too much petrol burning.Fortunately we human beings have been aware of the reason and figue out how to solve the problem,but unfortunately the solution to this problem needs ccoperation of almost all the countries in our world and few of countries don’t want to sacrifice their own countries profits for instance  USA didn’t sign up the <Kyoto Protocal> ,so the situation is worse and worse.

Wealth system is an important factor to make one country stable.But many countries have problems in it .There many models in the world such as scandinavian model and American model.The countries who want to build a proper system for its own countries need to learn from the developped countries and also need to take its own factors into consideration.

Glogalization makes world more and more like one country ,and relationship especially economical aspect among countries are closer.On the other side , it makes social problems more common and difficult to deal with.Profit may be the primary factor the government need to consider so many times .Mant global factors are involved in the nowaday social problems,so the solutions is complicated.The government need concern the civil factors and even global factors.Almost all social problems need good cooperation or learn from other countries.

Social problems in globalization context are complicated ,so they need more concern and I think good cooperation and learning are the key to solving them.

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